Prevention tips for dengue and chikungunya: How to protect yourself from mosquito-borne diseases

Dengue and chikungunya are viral infections spread mainly by the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Both illnesses share similar symptoms, including high fever, severe joint and muscle pain, rash, and fatigue. If left untreated or unmanaged, these diseases can cause serious health complications. With a growing number of cases worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, taking preventive measures is essential. Protecting yourself from mosquito bites and reducing mosquito breeding sites can significantly lower the risk of infection. Understanding how these viruses spread and knowing effective prevention tips can help safeguard your health and that of your community.

Understanding dengue and chikungunya and tips for prevention

Both dengue and chikungunya are caused by viruses spread through mosquito bites. The Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. These mosquitoes are most active during early morning and late afternoon, making these times particularly risky for transmission.While there is no specific antiviral treatment or universal vaccine available for chikungunya, some vaccines for dengue exist but are limited in availability and application. Therefore, preventing mosquito bites remains the most effective defense.1. Eliminate mosquito breeding sites

Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Regularly check and empty water from:

Flower pots, vases, and plant trays
Water storage containers
Old tires, buckets, and discarded containers
Roof gutters and drains

Ensure that water storage is covered tightly to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.2. Use mosquito repellents

Apply mosquito repellents on exposed skin and clothing, especially during peak mosquito activity times. Always follow product instructions for safe use, especially for children and pregnant women.3. Wear protective clothingWhen outdoors, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes to minimize skin exposure. Clothing treated with permethrin insecticide provides added protection.4. Install mosquito nets and screens

Use mosquito nets while sleeping, especially if you live in or visit areas with high mosquito activity. Ensure doors and windows have tight-fitting screens to keep mosquitoes out of indoor spaces.5. Use mosquito traps and insecticidesDeploy mosquito traps and insecticides safely around the home to reduce mosquito populations. Fogging and indoor insecticide sprays can be effective during outbreaks but should be used judiciously.6. Community clean-up drives

Engage with community initiatives to clean up public spaces, remove trash, and eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites. Collective efforts significantly reduce mosquito populations and disease transmission.7. Avoid peak mosquito hours

Limit outdoor activities during dawn and dusk when Aedes mosquitoes are most active.8. Maintain personal and environmental hygieneKeep your surroundings clean and dry. Avoid clutter that can collect water, and regularly clean water storage tanks and containers.9. Stay informedStay updated on local dengue and chikungunya outbreaks through public health advisories.Also read | Chikungunya symptoms that might go unnoticed

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