Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Day 2025: All You Need To Know About The Fifth Sikh Guru

Last Updated:May 30, 2025, 07:30 IST

Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Day 2025: The fifth Sikh Guru, was martyred on May 30, 1606, by Emperor Jahangir.

Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Day 2025: Guru Arjan Dev was the fifth Guru of Sikhism. He was born on April 15, 1563, in Goindwal, which is now part of Punjab, India. He is highly regarded for his major contributions to the Sikh faith, including starting the construction of Amritsar’s Harmandir Sahib, famously known as the Golden Temple.

Guru Arjan took over as the Sikh Guru in 1581, succeeding his father, Guru Ram Das. Building on the foundation laid by his predecessors, he played a vital role in strengthening Sikhism. He is also regarded as the first Sikh Guru to be martyred.

Among his key accomplishments was the compilation of the Adi Granth, which eventually became the Guru Granth Sahib, the core scripture of Sikhism. He gathered the writings of the first four Gurus, along with selected hymns from various saints, uniting them in the Adi Granth.

Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Day: History and Significance

Guru Arjan Dev was martyred on May 30, 1606, by the order of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

While historical records vary, the most widely accepted account describe Guru Arjan’s arrest and brutal torture. He was taken to Lahore, where he endured severe torture, including being forced to sit on a heated iron plate while boiling sand was poured over him. Despite the immense pain, Guru Arjan Dev stayed serene and composed, reciting hymns from the Adi Granth throughout his ordeal.

According to records, Jahangir viewed Guru Arjan Dev’s influence as a threat to imperial rule. The Guru was accused of supporting rebellious activities and aiding Jahangir’s eldest son Khusrau Mirza, who had challenged the emperor’s authority.

After being tortured for a long time, Jahangir gave Guru Arjan Dev a choice: convert to Islam or be killed. The Guru stayed strong and did not give up his faith. He was put to death.

Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom had a profound impact on history and deeply strengthened the determination of the Sikh community. It became a key turning point, inspiring Sikhs to resist persecution and injustice. This struggle eventually led to the Sikh faith becoming more militarised under the leadership of Guru Arjan Dev’s son, Guru Hargobind Sahib.

All You Need To Know About the Fifth Sikh Guru

Apart from compiling the Adi Granth and starting the construction of Harmandir Sahib, here are some of the most important achievements of Guru Arjan Dev:

• Guru Arjan Dev devoted great effort to spreading Sikh teachings. He stressed the significance of following the Guru’s teachings, maintaining devotion to God, and practicing selfless service. His work helped draw many new followers. Even today, his teachings and writings remain a vital source of guidance for Sikhs worldwide.
• Guru Arjan Dev promoted social equality and started the tradition of langar, a community kitchen that served free meals to everyone, regardless of caste or social status. This practice encouraged unity and equality.
• Guru Arjan Dev actively encouraged the growth of arts, literature, and music within the Sikh community. He composed many hymns that are part of the Guru Granth Sahib. Additionally, he inspired and supported prominent musicians and poets of his era, helping to enrich and elevate Sikh cultural and artistic heritage.

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