Migraines To Cluster: Types Of Headaches And Their Causes

Last Updated:May 23, 2025, 15:14 IST

Headaches can be broadly categorised into two types: primary and secondary. Read about the types of headaches here and learn what they might actually be signalling.

In today’s fast-paced urban life, the constant hustle to stay ahead professionally can take a toll on your health. Amid tight deadlines, back-to-back meetings, and the never-ending juggle between work and personal life, one common issue that often gets brushed aside is headaches. Headaches have become a near-universal complaint, with most people experiencing them at some point. They can range from mild discomfort to intense, throbbing pain, often accompanied by symptoms like nausea and sensitivity to light or sound.

While migraines are the most talked-about form, many aren’t aware that headaches are broadly categorised into two types: primary and secondary. Let’s break down the different types of headaches and what they could be telling you about your health.

Tension-Type Headache: The most common form of headache, this feels like a tight band wrapped around your forehead. Triggers include stress, poor posture, dehydration, alcohol, or even skipping meals. While not medically serious, frequent tension headaches could signal chronic stress or unhealthy lifestyle habits that need attention.

Migraine Headache: We all must have heard about this headache. Migraines are intense, throbbing headaches that typically occur on one side of the head and last from four to 72 hours unless treated by medicines. They may be accompanied by nausea/vomiting and light and sound sensitivity. Patients typically have triggers like hormonal changes, missed meals, less sleep, alcohol intake, smells, and sunlight.

Cluster Headache: Often dubbed the “suicidal headache” due to its intensity, this rare type causes excruciating pain, usually around one eye. Attacks occur in clusters or cycles and may come with redness, tearing, or nasal congestion. Experts believe they are linked to abnormalities in the hypothalamus – the brain region that regulates your biological clock.

Medication Overuse Headache: Also called rebound headaches, these occur when painkillers are taken too frequently. Instead of relieving the pain, overuse of medication can overstimulate the brain and worsen headaches over time. It’s a warning sign to reconsider your approach to pain management.

Sinus Headache: Commonly linked to sinus infections, allergies, or colds, sinus headaches cause a deep, continuous pain or pressure in the forehead, cheeks, and bridge of the nose. They are often accompanied by nasal congestion, fever, or post-nasal drip and may worsen with sudden head movement or strain.

Thunderclap Headache: This type of headache strikes suddenly and reaches peak intensity within 60 seconds. Often described as the “worst headache of one’s life,” thunderclap headaches can signal serious conditions like a ruptured blood vessel or meningitis. Immediate medical evaluation is critical, as they may be life-threatening.

Cervicogenic Headache: These headaches originate from issues in the neck, such as injury, poor posture, or cervical spine degeneration. The pain typically begins in the neck and radiates to the head. Physical therapy, chiropractic care, and ergonomic corrections can help manage the symptoms effectively.

Hormone-Related Headache: Triggered by fluctuations in oestrogen levels, especially before menstruation, these headaches may also occur during pregnancy or menopause. Hormonal changes impact brain neurotransmitters, leading to pain in susceptible individuals. Keeping a symptom diary and consulting a healthcare provider can help manage them.

Treatment?

While medicines are there to combat the pain, it is important to get adequate sleep, eat a nutritious diet, limit screen time, practise relaxation techniques and stay hydrated. You can also take a hot bath or apply heating pads around your head several times a day for 5-10 minutes to ease your pain.

Location :

Delhi, India, India

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